Awareness, Knowledge, and Perception of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Selected Primary Health Centres in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, despite the availability of effective prevention through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. This study assessed awareness, knowledge, perception, and acceptability of HPV vaccination among primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, with 79 PHCWs selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at p < 0.05. Results: Findings revealed universal awareness (100%) of HPV vaccination and high overall awareness levels (82%). Most respondents correctly identified the recommended vaccination age (9–14 years) and its role in preventing cervical cancer. However, notable knowledge gaps were observed: 59.5% believed HPV affects only females, 53.2% considered vaccination inappropriate for sexually active individuals, and 98.7% incorrectly recommended pre-vaccination screening. While perception of vaccine effectiveness was overwhelmingly positive (100%), safety concerns persisted, with 58.2% expressing doubts about vaccine safety and 50.6% perceiving negative societal attitudes. Acceptability was generally high, with all respondents supporting HPV vaccination, its inclusion in routine immunization, and willingness to recommend it. However, only 33.3% had personally received the vaccine. Years of professional experience were significantly associated with acceptability (χ² = 21.407, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The study concludes that although PHCWs demonstrate high awareness and positive disposition toward HPV vaccination, critical knowledge gaps and safety concerns persist. Targeted training and risk communication strategies are essential to strengthen vaccine confidence and optimize uptake.