Reversed Phase HPLC-UV Quantitation of BHA, BHT and TBHQ in Food Items Sold in Bindura Supermarkets, Zimbabwe
D. Shasha, C. Magogo, P. Dzomba
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry · pp. 578–584 · Published 22 May 2014
10.9734/IRJPAC/2014/10419Abstract
Aims: To determine levels of Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) in food items sold in supermarkets in Bindura town, Zimbabwe. Study Design: Reversed phase HPLC-UV quantitation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Bindura University, November 2013 to March 2014. Methodology: Twenty food items were bought, comprising of 6 vegetable oils, 7 bread spreads (3 butters and 4 margarines), and 7 snacks from local supermarkets around Bindura town. Food samples (10 g) were extracted using methanol/acetonitrile (100mL) mixture (1:1, v/v) by ultrasonication for 15 min, vortexing and centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The contents were then filtered through 0.45µm Millipore filters and analyzed on a Varian HPLC equipped with a Rodyne manual injector with a 20 mL loop and a UV detector, prostar 325. Results: BHA was not found in all the samples. Levels of TBHQ ranged from 18.7±1.6 -171.1±0.8 mg/kg while BHT ranged from 9.8±2.2 - 67.3±3.1 mg/kg. One sample from Zimbabwe consisted of the highest amount of TBHQ. Of the 7 butter/margarine types that were analyzed all of them consisted of BHT which ranged from 10.4±0.9 to 158.6±3.1 mg/kg while TBHQ was only found in South African samples. It ranged from 153.1±0.1 - 180.3±3.67 mg/kg. TBHQ was also found in higher levels for snack samples from South Africa. Only one sample from Zimbabwe consisted of TBHQ. Conclusion: The present study has revealed that synthetic antioxidants are being widely used in food items at different levels thereby scoring the need to come up with local legal limits to regulate food industry products. TBHQ a banned antioxidant in European countries is still being used in Zimbabwe and South Africa although some analyzed food items did not reveal the identity of the antioxidant. Food manufacturers should be encouraged to reveal names and quantity of antioxidants added so as to ensure food safety.
Cited by 22
Carlos Pasqualin Cavalheiro, Maurício Costa Alves da Silva, Claudia Ruiz-Capillas · Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes and By-Products · 2021
Catalina Rugerio-Escalona, Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo, Elvia Becerra-Martinez · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · 2018
Agam Kumar, Duraisamy Ramamoorthy, Daneshver Kumar Verma · Energy Nexus · 2022
Emine Çelikoğlu, Meral Yılmaz Cankılıç, Önder İdil · Biologia · 2024
Simran Sharma, Sit-Foon Cheng, Bhaswati Bhattacharya · Trends in Food Science & Technology · 2019
Md Fuad Hossain, R. R. Ratnayake, Kirisnashamy Meerajini · Food Science & Nutrition · 2016
Jesmin Akter, Md. Amzad Hossain, Kensaku Takara · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology · 2019
Talaat Y. Mohamed, Mostafa Y. Nassar, Alaa S. Amin · Chemical Data Collections · 2018
Nikita Bindal, Sujata Mohanty · Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries · 2024
Karine Angélica Dalla Costa, Amanda Santa Catarina, Ivana Correa Ramos Leal · Food Research International · 2022
Showing 20 of 22 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.
Related research
- Antioxidant Potentials of L-Ascorbic Acid (L-AA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in CCl4-Induced Oxidative Damage of Soft Tissues in Wistar Rats — shares topic coverage
- Underlying Mechanisms of Anti-spasmodic, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant and Acute Toxicity Assessments of Aqueous Extract of Mentha Suaveolens Ehrh and its Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy Analysis — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
0
Page views
0
PDF downloads
0
Outbound clicks
22
Citations
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
No views recorded yet.
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
No traffic recorded yet.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.