Current Susceptibility Trend of Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Need to Emphasize on Alternate Therapeutic Agents

Abstract

Introduction: In the light of changing anti-microbial resistance pattern, the understanding of the local antibiogram is essential in the antibiotic selection procedures and preparation of hospital antibiotic policy. Aim: This retrospective study was aimed to analyze the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of major isolates from ICU and IPD. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for a total of 565 Gram-negative isolates including E. coli, K. pnuemoniae, A. baumannnii and P. aeruginosa from ICU and IPD patients enrolled between July 2016 to December 2016. Results: The majority of the isolates were reported from urine samples (52%) in IPD and sputum (59%) in ICU. The susceptibility to BL/BLI was 50-75% in IPD patients and Carbapenem susceptibility was reported in more than 75% except P. aeruginosa. In ICU patients, the beta-lactam/beta-lactam inhibitor (BL/BLI) susceptibility ranged between 20-60% and the carbapenem susceptibility was around 40%-75%. The susceptibility of CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA) was almost similar to minocycline and amikacin ranging from 50-90% against different species. Compared to carbapenems, the CSE-1034 performed overall better than carbapenems against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and was comparable to carbapenems against Enterobacteriaceae. The susceptibility of colistin ranged from 92-97% in both IPD and ICU isolates. Conclusion: Considering the value of carbapenems and colistin as the last option for multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, irrational prescription of these drugs should be stopped. The use of ampicillin-sulbactam, cefepime and gentamicin from 1st line antibiotics in ICU patients can help to reduce the load on 2nd line antibiotics. Among 2nd line drugs, CSE-1034 along with amikacin should be an empirical choice of treatment for bacterial infections where the 1st line drugs are suspected to fail and the need of carbapenems arises.