Relationship between Breakfast and Student Learning Achievement in Cipicung Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java

Abstract

Background: Breakfast is an important factor affecting the concentration and thinking ability of school-age children. Irregularity or the habit of not eating breakfast can hurt students' academic performance. Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between breakfast habits and the educational achievement of 5th-grade students at Pamoyanan Elementary School, Cipicung Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of all 35 5th-grade students, who were selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire regarding the frequency and habits of breakfast and documentation of report card grades as an indicator of academic achievement. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that the majority of students scored in the "Fair" category, with 80.0% of the total students in this category. As many as 20.0% of students were in the "Good" category, where most students who regularly eat breakfast have good academic achievement. Based on the results of the Spearman test, there is no significant relationship between morning habits and the academic achievement of 5th-grade students at Pamoyanan Elementary School. With a p-value of 0.9740 (p > 0.05), this result shows that breakfast habits do not have a significant effect on academic achievement in the data analyzed. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no significant relationship between breakfast habits and academic achievement of 5th grade elementary school students at SDN Pamoyanan, as indicated by the p-value of 0.9740. Although students who regularly eat breakfast tend to have better academic achievement descriptively, statistical analysis did not support a significant relationship. Therefore, although breakfast remains important for general health and well-being, it may not directly affect academic achievement in this particular sample.