Influence of Economic Incentives on Endau Dryland Forest Conservation Practices

Abstract

Forest degradation remains a pressing environmental concern in Kenya, particularly within buffer zones where community livelihoods intersect with conservation efforts. This study investigates how economic benefits derived from forest-related activities influence forest cover change in the Endau Forest. The primary objective was to assess whether perceived and actual economic gains from sustainable practices affect community participation in forest conservation. A descriptive survey design was employed, involving 298 randomly selected households from communities around Endau Forest. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and supplemented by semi-structured interviews with six key informants, including two forest conservators, two foresters, local leaders, and a ranger. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between economic incentives and forest cover dynamics. Results showed that activities such as charcoal production and firewood collection were perceived as major drivers of forest degradation. However, communities also recognised the potential of sustainable practices, such as ecotourism and farm forestry, to offer viable economic alternatives. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.860, p = 0.001) and a statistically significant regression coefficient (\(\beta\) = 0.210, p = 0.028) indicated that economic incentives positively influence conservation behaviour. The findings highlight the importance of integrating economic development with forest conservation strategies. Policy interventions that promote alternative livelihoods could enhance sustainable forest management in buffer zones.