Phytochemical Screening and Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Methanolic Seed Extract of Cassia Obtusifolia in Albino Mice

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are a significant cause of illness and death worldwide, especially among older adults. Individuals who suffer from these conditions frequently experience low quality of life, higher mortality, and social isolation. Additionally, 80% of people worldwide rely on plant-based medications. The paper aims to evaluate the phytochemical and neuropharmacological effects of cassia obtusifolia seeds by using albino mice. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, and tannins, all of which have pharmacological potential. The neuropharmacological study was carried out utilising two classic animal models: Eddy's hot plate method for central analgesic activity and the open field test for locomotor behaviour. The extract was given intraperitoneally in two doses: low and high. The results showed that the methanolic seed extract considerably increased the pain response time in the hot plate test and caused significant changes in the time spent in centre in the open field test as compared to the control group. In this evaluation, animals treated with diclofenac (10 mg/kg, I.P) had an evident increase in the latency time 0,30, 60, 90 minutes. For the groups treated with Methanolic extract (50 mg/kg and 200mg/kg plant extract), less effect was shown in the first 30 min. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting dose-dependent central nervous system action. The values are represented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM), n=6. Statistical significance was analysed by one-way ANOVA. Finally, the methanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia seeds showed strong neuropharmacological effects, which could be attributed to the synergistic action. These findings corroborate its traditional use and point to its potential in the development of herbal neurotherapeutics. In conclusion, the Methanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia seeds exhibits significant neuropharmacological effects, including analgesic and anxiolytic activities, validating its ethnomedicinal use.