Spatial variations of Groundwater Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the Dungarpur District. Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a key indicator of groundwater quality, representing dissolved minerals, salts, and organic matter that influence water suitability for drinking and agriculture. This study assesses spatial variations of TDS across Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, using water samples collected from 21 locations. The results indicate that 76% of the samples fall within the desirable limit (\(\le\)500 mg/L), ensuring good water quality. However, Odabada (1225 mg/L), Virwada (778 mg/L), and Simalwada (607 mg/L) exhibit elevated TDS levels, likely influenced by mineral dissolution, agricultural runoff, and anthropogenic contamination. Conversely, Chandradiya (227 mg/L), Kanba (298 mg/L), and Aspur (285 mg/L) show the lowest TDS levels, which may necessitate mineral supplementation for drinking purposes. Spatial analysis using QGIS 3.24 highlights Bichhiwara Tehsil as the most affected region, requiring targeted water treatment interventions. The findings emphasize the need for regular groundwater monitoring, improved filtration techniques, and sustainable water management practices. Rainwater harvesting and public awareness initiatives are recommended to mitigate high TDS effects and ensure safe and sustainable groundwater resources in Dungarpur district.