Hepatoprotective Effects of Monoon longifolium (False Ashoka) Seed Extract against Lead Acetate–Induced Liver Damage in Adult Female Wistar Rats

Abstract

The seed of Monoon longifolium is known to possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. This study investigated the protective effects of its methanolic seed extract (MLSE) against lead acetate-induced liver damage in adult female Wistar rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Group A (control) received standard feed and water; Group B received 500 mg/kg MLSE alone; Group C was administered 50 mg/kg lead acetate; Group D received both 500 mg/kg MLSE and 50 mg/kg lead acetate; Group E received 1000 mg/kg MLSE plus 50 mg/kg lead acetate; and Group F was given 50 mg/kg lead acetate for 14 days followed by 500 mg/kg MLSE for 14 days. Parameters assessed included oxidative stress markers (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD), liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), and histopathology. Lead exposure resulted in increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and MDA, and decreased SOD activity, indicating hepatic oxidative damage. Co-administration or post-treatment with MLSE significantly ameliorated these biochemical alterations. Histological evaluation showed that MLSE-treated groups had reduced hepatic degeneration, inflammation, and fatty changes compared to the lead-only group. These findings suggest that Monoon longifolium seed extract exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced hepatic injury.