Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Methanolic Extracts of Telfairia occidentalis and Plumeria rubra Flowers: A Preliminary Qualitative Screening

Abstract

This study aims to conduct a phytochemical screening on the methanolic extracts of Telfairia occidentalis and Plumeria rubra flowers to identify their bioactive compounds. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites, but they serve multiple roles, including plant defence, attraction of pollinators, and environmental adaptations. These phytochemicals possess different pharmacological functions such as strong antioxidant activities, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and antiviral activities. This work was carried out to qualitatively determine the phytochemical constituents in the methanolic extracts of Telfairia occidentalis and Plumeria rubra flowers. The results revealed that both extracts contained the same quantity of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and saponins. Flavonoid content was higher in Plumeria rubra flower extracts. These phytochemicals have great pharmacological functions. Though the percentage of these phytochemicals is low, the extracts can be consumed to alleviate some sicknesses, especially in rural communities. The presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and tannins in varying concentrations suggests that these plants possess significant pharmacological potential. These findings support the medicinal relevance of P. rubra and T. occidentalis, highlighting their potential use in natural therapies and drug formulations. The findings from this study may provide insights into the potential medicinal and industrial applications of these flowers and contribute to the growing body of knowledge on plant-based bioactive compounds.