Sanitation and Hygiene Practices of Nigeria’s Coastal Communities and Associated Socio-economic Characteristics: Study of Two Akwa Ibom Communities

Abstract

Aims: The hygiene and sanitation practices in correspondence with the socio-economic levels and cultural characteristics of two typical coastal/riverine communities in Nigeria, Uta-Ewa (Ikot Abasi LGA) and Ibaka (Mbo LGA) of Akwa Ibom State, were studied to determine how these factors   have affected their sanitation and hygiene behaviours. Methodology: A sample size of 300 respondents was used for the study. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain data for the study from primary sources, key informants and opinion leaders. The data were coded and subjected to analysis with the use of descriptive statistical tools. Results: In both communities, the average monthly income primarily from fishing and crop farming was between ₦5,000 ($22.7) – ₦20,000 ($90.9). There was a near absence of potable water sources except for a few boreholes provided by the government and private individuals. The communities practice open defecation into the streams and disposed of household wastes into surrounding bushes and nearby dumps. Lack of space and cost were given as the major reasons for non provision of human waste disposal facilities by households. They have poor sense of personal hygiene and seldom wash their hands with soap. Conclusion: Appropriate hygiene and sanitation technology options must therefore be economically feasible to be acceptable and sustained by the populace. Both communities will need improved and sustained basic and health education to be able to appreciate the need to embrace healthful and sanitary living.