Pathophysiology, Investigations, and Management of Atrial Septal Defect

Abstract

Background: ASD (atrial septal defect) is one of the most prevalent types of congenital heart disorders, affecting around one-quarter of all children. When the link between the right and left atria is not closed, an atrial septal defect arises. It includes both real septal membrane abnormalities and additional anomalies that allow communication between the two atria. From most common to least common, there are five types of atrial septal defects: patent foramen ovale, ostium secundum defect, ostium primum defect, sinus venosus defect, and coronary sinus defect. In most cases, small atrial septal abnormalities close on their own throughout development. Large lesions that do not seal on their own may require percutaneous or surgical intervention to avoid consequences like stroke, dysrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension. This exercise covers the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of atrial septal defect, as well as the importance of team-based interprofessional care for individuals with the condition. Conclusion: The goal of this review article is to identify the etiology of the atrial septal defect, describe the presentation of a patient with atrial septal defect, describe the treatment and management options available for atrial septal defect, and explain interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication for patients with the atrial septal defect.