Genetic Diversity of Soybean Yield Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analyses

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine analysis of variance, descriptive statistics, cluster and principle components analysis to understand their genetic diversity for ten soybean genotypes on seed yield (ten/fed.) during 2014 and 2015 seasons. Results for analysis of variance indicated highly significant genotypes and years and significant genotypes x years interaction for seed yield. The soybean genotypes Giza 111, Giza 30 and Crawford for seed yield (ton/fed.) were produced the highest mean values. The 2014 season had greater than 2015 season for seed yield (ton/fed.) in most soybean genotypes.  Standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation and range for seed yield (ton/fed.) has noticed considerable genetic diversity in the ten genotypes. The ten soybean genotypes based on seed yield were grouped into four clusters using cluster analysis. The first, second and third clusters comprised of two genotypes i.e., (Giza 32 and Crawford), (Giza 30 and Giza 111) and (Hybrid 129 and Hybrid 132), respectively. While, the fourth cluster consisted of four genotypes viz., Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 35 and Clark. The second cluster had recorded highest mean seed yield, followed by the first, fourth and third clusters. The principle components analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 having eigen values highest than unity explained 82.55% of total variability among soybean genotypes attributable to seed yield and accounted with values 67.77% and 14.78%, respectively. PC1 and PC2 noticed positive association with all and most genotypes, respectively. Biplot obtained from the PC1 and PC2 almost confirmed the cluster analysis grouped. The biplot displayed positive and strong relationships between most studied genotypes. Based on the cluster and principle components analysis, the wide diversity among the studied genotypes were found, their direct use as parents in hybridization programs to maximize the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis and develop high yielding soybean varieties.