Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ovarian Cysts in Women Aged 18-45 Years in Bangladesh: A Prospective Study on Ovarian Cyst Development and Carcinoma Risk

Abstract

Background: Ovarian cysts, fluid-filled sacs in or on the surface of an ovary, are a common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, malignant potential, associated co-morbid conditions, and clinical presentation of ovarian cysts among Bangladeshi women aged 18-45 years. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a sample size of 1860 women from various regions in Bangladesh. Data collection encompassed medical history, family history, hormonal contraceptive usage, and clinical symptoms. Ovarian cyst presence and characteristics were determined through ultrasonography. Results: The overall prevalence of ovarian cysts in the studied cohort was 17.6%. Identified risk factors included advanced age (35-45 years), use of certain hormonal contraceptives, and family history of ovarian cysts or cancer. Of the diagnosed cysts, 3.7% exhibited potential malignant features. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) emerged as the most prevalent co-morbid condition. Pain was the primary clinical presentation reported by 64.0% of the participants with ovarian cysts. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant prevalence of ovarian cysts among Bangladeshi women aged 18-45 years. The findings underscore the importance of regular health screenings, awareness campaigns, and timely medical interventions for women, especially those with known risk factors or clinical symptoms, to improve health outcomes related to ovarian cysts.