Pharmacological Assessment of the Ormosia robusta Methanol Leaf Extract against Free Radicals, Cytotoxicity and Inflammation: An In-vitro and In-silico Investigation

Abstract

Aims: Ormosia robusta (O. robusta) grown mainly in East Asia is known for its popular traditional uses. The objective of this research is to examine the phytochemical makeup of methanol leaf extract of O. robusta (MELOR) and assess its in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methodology: DPPH free radical scavenging assay was utilized to assess its antioxidant activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to check cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of this plant was evaluated by utilizing the protein denaturation test. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to assess the binding affinity of phytoconstituents, and drug-like properties were evaluated by ADME/T analysis. Results: MELOR showed an IC50 of 63.81 μg/mL compared to the standard 12.90 μg/mL in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. MELOR showed concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity with an LC50 value of 167.19 μg/mL. On the other hand, diclofenac-Na was used as a standard for evaluating in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and showed 84.76% suppression of protein denaturation compared to the sample with a maximum of 93.29%. All the selected phytochemicals showed good binding affinity with each target protein in the molecular docking study and were pharmacologically safe based on the ADME/T analysis. Conclusion: This investigation suggested the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory potential of MELOR and ensured the validity of this plant as a promising source of medication.