Anti-inflammatory Effect of Plant - Derived Resveratrol in Carrageenan- Induced Inflammatory Model in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a protective biological response to harmful stimuli but may cause tissue damage when excessive or prolonged. Carrageenan-induced inflammation is a widely used experimental model for studying anti-inflammatory agents. Plant-based resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, its effects on hematological parameters, inflammatory cytokine, and paw edema in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses require further investigation. Objective: This study investigated the Anti-inflammatory effect of plant-drived resveratrol in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses in Wistar rats by assessing body weight, hematological parameters, paw volume, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=5): normal control, carrageenan-induced untreated group, carrageenan plus resveratrol (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and carrageenan plus diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg). Inflammation was induced using 0.1 ml of 10% carrageenan. Treatments were administered orally, and parameters including body weight, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, paw volume, and IL-6 levels were evaluated. Results: Data were analyzed using Stattistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 29) and results were expressed as mean ± SD using one way ANOVA at P<0.05. Carrageenan induction significantly (P<0.05) increased white blood cell count, paw volume, and IL-6 levels while decreasing red blood cell count compared to the control group Treatment with plant-based resveratrol significantly reduced inflammatory markers, decreased paw edema, lowered IL-6 levels, and restored hematological parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effects were comparable to diclofenac sodium, particularly at moderate and high doses. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol may be attributed to its antioxidant activity, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, and modulation of immune responses. These mechanisms help reduced leukocyte activation, cytokine production, and inflammatory tissue swelling. Plant-derived resveratrol effectively attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses in Wistar rats by improving hematological parameters, reducing cytokine levels, and inhibiting paw edema. These findings support its potential as a natural and effective anti-inflammatory agent.