Potential Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of the Polyherbal Combination of Carica papaya L., Persea americana Mill., and Theobroma cacao L. Leaves Extract: In vitro, Ex vivo, In vivo Studies

Abstract

Aims: The present study evaluated the potential anti-hyperglycemic activity of a traditional recipe from Togo, consisting of C. papaya L., and P. Americana Mill. and T. cacao L., commonly used to treat diabetes. Study design: In vivo, Ex vivo, and In vitro approaches were utilized.      Place and Duration of Study: the research was conducted from April to December 2022. At the Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Unit of Pathophysiology, Bioactive Substances and Safety, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé. Methodology: Ethanol/water (50:50, v/v) extract from 600 g of an equivalent proportion of dry leaves, was used at different doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg. kg -1. The In vivo Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed on mice using an Accu Check Active glucometer and metformin as a standard reference drug. An investigation on possible mechanisms of action, undertaken the Ex vivo inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. The total antioxidant and DPPH free radicals scavenging tests were also performed. The phytochemical and physicochemical were respectively processed by spectrophotometer colorimetric assays and atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The extract of the recipe at 200 and 400 mg. kg -1 exerted a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in hyperglycemia in a dose-dependent manner after 120 minutes. However, at 400 mg. kg -1 which is the efficient dose, the extract did not significantly reduce basal glucose level in mice. The CPT extract inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. The extract also scavenged DPPH free radicals in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated an important total antioxidant capacity. Phytochemical and physicochemical analyses revealed that the extract contained an important quantity of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, and sodium. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of the CPT recipe, which scientifically supports its traditional use in treating diabetes and complications in Togo. Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of the CPT recipe.