A Rare Case Report on Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma

Abstract

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, along with enamel and dentin formation. It commonly affects children and adolescents, often presenting as a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion associated with an unerupted tooth. Due to its radiographic resemblance to other calcifying odontogenic lesions, an accurate diagnosis requires a combination of clinical, radiographic, and histopathological evaluation. We report a case of a 10 year old female patient with a painless swelling in the right posterior region of the mandible. Radiographic examination revealed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion, leading to a provisional diagnosis of odontoma. However, histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of both ameloblastic epithelium and odontogenic mesenchyme, along with enamel and dentin-like matrix, consistent with AFO. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with AFO & emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination in differentiating it from other mixed odontogenic and calcifying tumors. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention are essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.