Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum- Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacterial Species Isolated from Handbags of Women in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have identified the presence of harmful microorganisms on inanimate objects. A woman’s handbag, commonly used as a personal and portable accessory, often harbors various microbes, including bacteria.  This study aims to assess the prevalence, antibiogram, and distribution of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-producing isolates found in women’s handbags. Additionally, it will examine the sensitivity and resistance patterns of these isolates to selected common antibiotics in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 300 samples collected from various women’s handbags. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) was determined using the double disc synergy test on isolates that showed resistance to standard antibiotics. Results:  Out of the 300 samples collected, 59% showed no bacterial growth, while 41% yielded bacteria growth. Among the ESBL-producing bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated the highest prevalence (56.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (37.1%) and Acinetobacter spp (30%). In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest ESBL production at 16.7%. Ceftazidime was the most effective antimicrobial agent against ESBL-producing bacteria (19%), followed by Cefotaxime (13%) whereas Augmentin was the least effective (6%). Overall, Azithromycin was the most active antibiotic across all isolates (77.8%), while Ceftriaxone was the least effective (33.3%).  All Bacillus spp. isolates were found to be sensitive to the first-line antibiotics. Conclusion: Women’s handbags are potential carriers of various multidrug-resistant bacteria, and can act as vectors for transmitting pathogenic bacteria to their users. It is essential to raise awareness and educate women about this potential route of disease transmission to help curb the spread of multi-drug-resistant organisms.