Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine of Patients in Nagari Allah Magani Hospital, Keffi, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in E. coli recovered from urine of patients attending Nagari Allah Magani Hospital, Keffi, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between January 2018 and July 2018. Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from the urine of suspected UTIs patients by culture, microscopy and biochemical tests. Sample: We included 248 patients; (116 men, 132 women;age range 5-65 years). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of the isolates was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Results: Out of 248 samples, the occurrence of E. coli was 43(17.3%). The occurrence of isolates in relation to age of patients was highest in 21-30 year old (26.5%) and lowest in 11-20 year olds (9.5%). The occurrence of the isolates was higher in females (21.2%) than males (12.9%). The isolates were less resistant to imipenem (20.9%), gentamicin (34.9%) and ciprofloxacin (37.3%). The commonest resistance phenotype was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethprim-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Cefoxitin-Ciprofloxacin-Ampicillin with an occurrence of 7.0%. Most of the isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Index of above 0.2 with the commonest MAR Index being 0.6 (23.8%). Most (95.6%) of isolates were classified into multidrug resistance (MDR), a few (2.3%) were non-MDR or pan drug resistance (PDR), and no extensive drug resistance (XDR) was isolated. The occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance was of the order: MDR (95.3%) ˃ NMDR = PDR (2.3%) > XDR (0.0%). Conclusion: Resistance was less to imipenem, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Most isolates originated from an environment where antibiotics are freely available and misused or abused; and are MDR isolates. Further work to detect antibiotic resistance genes in the study location should be carried out.