Benefits and Challenges of Indian Organic Farming: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The organic movement may suddenly be in the mainstream's spotlight, but that hasn't always been the case. Local organic farmers have developed, experimented with, and exchanged production techniques since the 1950s. Globally, the production of organic crops in the organic farming system is increasing momentum. It is necessary to develop a variety of alternatives to chemical-intensive agriculture in order to achieve sustainable food, livelihood, and environmental security. With 72.3 million acres of land, organic farming is practiced in 187 countries worldwide. From 0.58 thousand ha in 2003–2004 to 26.6 thousand ha in 2020–21, the area used for organic farming rose quickly, and numerous government programs are being launched. The importance of health advantages is growing as more individuals become aware of the food they and their family members eat. As a result, products created by organic farming exist to some extent. In the past, individuals spent money on premium local produce, meat, and organic goods. This resulted in a long life and a stable way of life. Therefore, organic farming supports the one health approach to ensure the health of the environment, plants, animals, people, and soil. Organic farming uses a regenerative method to rebuild food and agricultural systems, which enhances ecosystem benefits. As a result, it offers a realistic alternative for producing clean, sustainable food with little harm to the environment. Small and marginal farmers should use organic agricultural methods, particularly for their long-term food security and to reduce risk. Long-term organic farming adoption in horticulture crops will benefit from sustained efforts from research institutions, developmental organizations, progressive farmers, input dealers, processors, and other stakeholders. This article focuses on appropriate organic farming techniques for horticultural and agricultural crops that are location-specific. This paper gives a general summary of organic farming's advantages, difficulties, and current situation in India.