Anti-inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Sap Derived Flavonoids on a Carrageenan Induced Inflammatory Model in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a protective physiological response to harmful stimuli, but excessive inflammation can contribute to tissue damage and disease. Conventional anti-inflammatory drugs are effective but may produce adverse effects with prolonged use. Flavonoids from plant sources have demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Musa acuminata sap contains bioactive flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, which may possess therapeutic potential against inflammation. However, their anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced inflammation require further investigation. Aim: This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Musa acuminata sap-derived flavonoids in the carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, carrageenan-only, flavonoid-treated (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and ibuprofen-treated groups. Inflammation was induced using carrageenan, and treatments were administered orally. Paw oedema volume, body weight, white blood cell count, and red blood cell count were assessed using standard methods. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analysed statistically at P < 0.05. Results: Carrageenan significantly (P< 0.05) increased paw oedema and white blood cell count(WBC) compared to the control group. Treatment with Musa acuminata isolated flavonoid (MAIF) significantly (P< 0.05) reduced paw oedema and white blood cell count in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), with the highest dose showing the greatest effect, comparable to ibuprofen. Red blood cell count showed no significant changes across groups. Conclusion: Musa acuminata sap-isolated flavonoid demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oedema and leukocyte response without adverse haematological effects. These findings support their potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing inflammatory conditions. Further studies are recommended to confirm their mechanism of action and clinical applicability.