From Local Threads to the Formation of Ilocano Identity: The Socio-cultural Relevance of Panagabel in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

Abstract

This ethnographic study explores the intricate symbolism, socio-cultural significance, and preservation efforts surrounding Panagabel, the traditional loom weaving of Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews with seven experienced local Abel weavers determined through purposive sampling, this study documents the rich narratives embedded within diverse Abel patterns, including tanap abel and abel-a-sumileng, following the framework outlined by Braun & Clarke. The Abel Vigan serves as a tangible expression of Ilocano beliefs, cultural history, and communal identity. The study reveals a critical challenge in the transmission of Panagabel techniques, highlighting the potential loss of traditional knowledge. Furthermore, it demonstrates the profound connection between weavers and their crafts and the Ilocano socio-cultural identity, thus reflecting core values such as kinakired (strength), kinagaget (industry), kinalaing (skill), and kinakermet (thrift). The research underscores the vital role of collaborative initiatives between weavers and local government in ensuring the sustainable preservation of this cultural heritage. Ultimately, this study documents Abel Vigan and its embedded socio-cultural relevance to safeguarding this knowledge against potential loss, as it also advocates for a culturally sensitive approach to preserving Abel weaving in Vigan, emphasizing the need to empower traditional weavers economically while safeguarding the craft's authenticity and intrinsic cultural value.