Ethnoichthyological Study of Biological Characteristics and Ecology (Salminus brasiliensis: Teleostei/Characiform): Importance, Status and Conservation Challenges in the Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Salminus is a genus of ichthyofauna currently constituted by five species of migratory neotropical fish, predators, which are important in commercial, ecological and sport fishing. Aims: The article reflects the conception of fishermen about the ecological interrelationships of ichthyofauna, the relationship with sport fishing, aspects of trophic interactions among fish, the use of habitats aimed at feeding or reproduction and relations with fishing activity. Methodology: Study carried out in the state of Mato Grosso, central region of Brazil. 122 fishing professionals and artisanal fishermen were interviewed. The testimonies were obtained through phonographic interviews, carried out during visits in temperate sport fishing from 2018 to 2020, verifying questions related to fishing and the study specimen S. brasiliensis. Results: Among the interviewees, 37 were sport fishermen (30.3%), 22 artisanal fishermen (18.1%) and 63 guide fishermen (51.6%). The interviewees reported several situations and approaches on the problems generated by sport fishing in the State. The results were consistent with the scientific literature and revealed detailed knowledge about the survival strategies of S. brasiliensis. The answers revealed the fishermen's observations on the decrease in fishing resources, the scarcity of species and the conflicts related to sport fishing, making it necessary to look for the best ways of recovering and conserving native species and monitoring in the surveyed places. Conclusion: S. brasiliensis is an example of the ichthyofauna that is much sought after by sport fishing. The interviewees demonstrated important perceptions of the changes that are occurring in the rivers of Mato Grosso and it was found that it is necessary to intensify studies looking for ways to recover and conserve the native ichthyofauna in the region. The results obtained aim to promote social contributions and partnerships with professional and artisanal fishermen, encouraged to achieve a better harmony between fishing and nature, creating actions that can be extended to indigenous, quilombola and riverside peoples.