In vitro Study of Antioxidant and Anticoagulant Activities of Ethanol Extract of Pandanus tectorius Leaves

Abstract

Pandanus tectorius of the family Pandanaceae is a medicinal plant that grows in Nigeria. The Pandanus tectorius extract was tested for; its acute toxicity using mice and, its antioxidant activities (using DPPH spectrometic assay, anti-lipid peroxidation activity and Nitric oxide scavegin assay) and anticoagulant activities using fresh human plasma. The acute toxicity test gaved LD50 fo 176.78 mg/ml.DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) spectrophotometeric assay showed that at different concentrations of the extract (500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 62.5 mg/ml), there is different percentage inhibition (95.01, 81.39, 59.26, 25.81) respectively compared to standard drug using vitamin C at 300 mg/ml which gives 98.14% inhibition. Anti-lipid peroxidation activity of the extract showed that at different concentration (500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 62.5 mg/ml), there is different percentage inhibition (99.27, 94.99, 77.86, 29. 92) respectively compared to standard drug using vitamin C at 300 mg/ml which gives 99.71% inhibition. Nitric Oxide scavenging activity of the extract showed that at different (500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 62.5 mg/ml), will give different percentage inhibition (98.77, 88.15, 78.07, 45.52) respectively compared to standard drug using vitamin C at 300 mg/ml which gives 99.61% inhibition The antioxidant activity test shows that at increasing concentration, there is increasing inhibition and revealed that the crude leave extract possesses appreciable high antioxidant potentials. The crude ethanol extract of Pandanus tectorius leaves induced significantly (p<0.05) increase in the clotting times (26.23±1.34 mins, 15.95±0.53 mins, 9.37±0.14 mins, 6.75±0.75 mins, 5.71±0.58 mins) of different concentrations (500 mg, 250 mg, 62.25 mg, 125 m, 31.125 mg) of the extract respectively compared to the baseline clotting time of 83.5±2.12 secs for human plasma. However, the invitro anticoagulant activities using fresh human plasma showed that the extract demonstrated a reduced potency compared to wafarin. Pandanus tectorius leaves could be a source of novel anticoagulant and antioxidant compounds for the management of various hematological and biochemical disorders.