Characteristic and Pattern of Aortic Stenosis: An Observational Study in a Designated Population of Patients

Abstract

Aim: The study aims to investigate the correlation between hemodynamic assessment in isolated Aortic stenosis (AS) and multivalvular disease. Background: No one can deny the unpredictable progressive character of aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis (AS) is a frequent valvular heart disease in the elderly, marked by narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Calcification of the valve leaflets is the main pathological mechanism, often accompanied by lipid infiltration and fibrosis. AS has been asymptomatic for years, with symptoms like dyspnea, angina, and syncope signalling disease progression. Methodology: This study retrospectively analyzed 100 adult patients with severe AS from July 2021 to October 2024. Echocardiography assessed AS severity via jet velocity, mean gradient, and aortic valve area (AVA). Data were analyzed using SPSS; t-tests and Chi-square tests compared clinical variables. The mean patient age was 57.26 years; 56.9% were male. Most had preserved left ventricular function and concentric hypertrophy. Severe AS was defined by AVA <1 cm², mean gradient >40 mmHg, and velocity >4 m/s. Result: The findings showed that Males had a higher prevalence of pure AS; hemodynamic parameters were similar across sexes. Calcific AS is now recognized as an active inflammatory condition, not just degenerative. Echocardiography remains central in diagnosis and severity grading but CT and MRI can provide advanced structural insights but are not routinely used. Despite being asymptomatic initially. Conclusion: AS progression varies, and untreated symptomatic patients face high mortality within 3 years so early detection and accurate grading are crucial for timely intervention.AS has poor outcomes post-symptom onset without intervention. So, valve replacement is indicated upon symptom development; management of asymptomatic patients remains complex.