Comparison of Nutritional Content in Common Infant Formulas Available in Jordanian Pharmacies

Abstract

Background: A variety of infant formulas are available in Jordan, which makes the decision of using one formula over another confusing to both parents and physicians. This study aims to assess the nutritional composition of commonly accessible infant formulas up to one year of age. Additionally, the nutritional adequacy of these infant formulas was compared to the standards for infant formula developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Methods: Milk-based infant formulas available in Jordan were investigated. A smart phone camera was used to take images from all sides of each infant formula. The examined formulas were categorized into three groups based on the specified age for use. Energy and nutrient contents for products in each group were tabulated and visualized in graphs. Results: A total of 33 infant formulas were available in Jordanian pharmacies: 20 for infants aged 0-6 months, five for 0-12 months, and eight for 6-12 months. Most formulas meet the standards of Codex Alimentarius Commission despite the variation of their nutrient composition. Formulas for infants aged 0-6 months are more restricted to contain sufficient amounts of all basic and essential nutrients than formulas intended for 6-12 months. Formulas intended for special medical purposes are more likely to have different composition compared to breast milk and should be used cautiously and only when necessary. Conclusions: There is no evidence to recommend one brand over another; however, the presence of functional bioactive compounds that can promote infant’s health outcomes is the major factor to prefer one brand over another.