Avocado Peel Polyphenolic-Rich Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aim: This study sought to assess the effects of polyphenolic-rich extract of the peel of Persea americana (avocado) (APPE) on inflammatory responses in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 alloxan-induced diabetic male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7) and designated: Diabetic Control (DC), and groups receiving 25 (APPE25), 50 (APPE50), 100 (APPE100), and 200 (APPE200) mg/kg of APPE. In addition, a normal control (NC) treated with distilled water was maintained. Treatment was administered orally once daily for 21 days. Results: After 21 days, the APPE-treated rats, particularly at 200 mg/kg, exhibited significant (p<0.05) improvements in both body weight and blood glucose levels compared with DC group. Significant (p<0.05) reductions in glycated hemoglobin (GLH), interleukins-1 (IL-1), and (interleukin-6 IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were observed in the APPE-treated rats compared with DC. In contrast, the APPE-treated rats exhibited significant (p<0.05) improvement in insulin and interleukin-10 levels compared with DC rats. Furthermore, DC and APPE25 and APPE50 showed varying degrees of interfacial hepatitis and glomerulosclerosis. Nevertheless, treatment with APPE200 exhibited protection against the detrimental impact of diabetes mellitus on the liver and kidney in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: Avocado peel polyphenolic-rich extract at 200 mg/kg body weight effectively inhibited low-grade inflammation induced by oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to alloxan.