Association of Admission Procalcitonin Levels with Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) presents with a clinical spectrum ranging from mild self-limiting inflammation to severe systemic disease with organ failure. Early identification of patients likely to develop severe complications is crucial for targeted management. Serum procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker linked to bacterial infections and systemic inflammation, has shown promise in predicting poor outcomes. This study investigates the correlation between PCT levels and clinical outcomes in AP. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 100 patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed AP were enrolled. Serum PCT levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. Patients were monitored for ICU admission, organ dysfunction, hospital stay duration, and mortality. Statistical correlation between PCT levels and outcomes was analyzed. Results: Elevated PCT levels were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Patients with PCT >2 ng/mL had higher rates of ICU admission (68%), organ dysfunction (58%), longer hospital stays (mean 11.6 days), and increased mortality (17%). Lower levels (<1 ng/mL) were associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusion: Serum PCT is a reliable early biomarker for predicting severity and poor outcomes in AP. Timely measurement may enhance clinical decision-making and optimize resource allocation.