Comparative Analysis of Constraints Faced by Solar Water Pump Adopters and Non Adopters in Haryana and Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The shift towards Solar-Powered Water Pumping Systems (SWPS) presents significant potential for sustainable agricultural advancement in India, especially in regions facing water scarcity and energy shortages. This research examines the barriers impacting the uptake of SWPS in Haryana and Rajasthan—two prominent states in solar pump deployment. A comparative study was performed utilizing data from 240 farmers (120 who adopted and 120 who did not) across six intentionally chosen districts. Findings indicate that the decision to adopt is shaped by a mix of technical, financial, extension-related, farm-level, operational, environmental, and socio-personal barriers. Among those who adopted, technical issues such as the absence of standardization and insufficient post-installation support were notable, whereas non-adopters were mainly impeded by high upfront costs, limited access to credit, and a lack of awareness. Gaps in extension services, particularly the lack of demonstrations and follow-up assistance, were evident in both groups. Comparisons between states revealed that adopters in Haryana encountered significantly greater levels of constraints across various categories compared to those in Rajasthan, indicating dissatisfaction post-adoption and gaps in implementation. Conversely, non-adopters in both states reported similar obstacles, highlighting pervasive structural challenges. The research emphasizes the necessity for tailored interventions, including quality assurance, timely subsidies, improved extension services, and awareness initiatives. Tackling these multifaceted constraints is crucial for promoting the fair and effective integration of solar technology in Indian agriculture.