Improving Critical Thinking Skills Through Claim-evidence-reason Framework

Abstract

Aims: This study explored the potential of the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) framework in enhancing students' critical thinking skills. It examined the perceived satisfaction levels of students regarding the administration of CER tests, the students’ level of critical thinking, and their relationship. The results became the basis of crafting a policy on the proper administration of CER was proposed. Study Design: The study utilized descriptive-developmental research design Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the private Catholic basic institution in Ozamiz City, Philippines which made use of the CER Framework for years already. The survey was done in the months of October to December 2024. Methodology: A total of 605 Grades 8, 9, 10, and 12 students, selected through stratified random sampling, were the respondents in the study. The study utilized survey questionnaire focused in the areas of CER administration and level of students’ critical thinking. The instrument underwent validity and reliability tests. Data were gathered through asking respondents to answer the survey. Results: Results revealed that students were satisfied with the CER framework's administration across all components: time allotment (M=2.89), alignment to lesson objectives (M=3.13), scoring rubric and criteria (M=3.24), and preparation and familiarization (M=3.02). Meanwhile, students also demonstrated high levels of critical thinking: analysis (M=3.30), interpretation (M=3.14), inference (M=3.15), explanation (M=3.15) and self-regulation (M=3.13). Notably, significant positive correlations were identified between satisfaction levels and critical thinking component (p<.001) indicating strong statistical significance. From these, a policy was proposed to strengthen CER framework implementation, focusing on time management, curriculum alignment, rubric development, and improved assessment practices. Conclusion: The study concluded that the CER framework is an effective tool for improving critical thinking. Based on the findings, it was recommended to implement the proposed policy and examine its effectiveness to students’ critical thinking.