In vitro Callus Induction of Coccinia indica (W. and A) and Analysis of Its Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity - A Comparative Study

Abstract

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Coccinia indica (W. and A) leaf extracts using four solvents and compare it with the callus extracts. Callus was initiated from the leaf explants of C. indica with 90% efficiency using MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg/l) + NAA (0.2 mg/l). Successive extraction method of C.indica was found to be an efficient method of extraction and methanol was observed to be the best suited solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals and macromolecules that were responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition. GC-MS analysis of C. indica has confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds (Example: 9-Octadecanoic acid, 2-octadecycloxy ethyl ester (100%) in successive methanolic callus extract) in all the extracts where the FTIR analysis has confirmed the presence of various important functional groups of the identified bioactive compounds. Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be the potent antimicrobial agent with drug efflux pump inhibitor property against 5 bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and 3 fungal strains, Candida albicans (IFM 40009), Candida tropicalis (IFM 55058) and Candida krusei (IFM 46521). Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be an efficient antioxidant agent and an efficient α-amylase inhibitor, which proves it to be a potent anti-diabetic agent with IC50 concentration to be 82.5µg/ml. This study is one of the strong evidence for this plant to be used by the traditional practitioners as a phytopharmaceutical agent.